⚠️

Risk scores are statistical indicators based on prescribing patterns compared to specialty peers. They are NOT allegations of fraud, misconduct, or improper care. Many legitimate medical reasons can explain outlier prescribing.

Read our methodology →

Philip LepkowskiMD

Family Practice · Toledo, OH 43623

NPI: 1073513198

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24

🟡 Moderate

ML Fraud Detection Score: 84%

Machine learning model identifies prescribing patterns consistent with confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical indicator, not an accusation.

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Risk Flags

High antipsychotic prescribing (65+)Opioid + benzodiazepine co-prescriberHigh fills per patient

Risk indicators are statistical patterns, not allegations. Learn more

11,549

Total Claims

$1.8M

Drug Cost

531

Beneficiaries

$3,372

Cost/Patient

Risk Score Breakdown 24/100

Low (0)Moderate (15)Elevated (30)High (50+)
Elderly antipsychotic prescribing+10
Opioid + benzodiazepine combo+8
High fills per patient+3

Score components are additive. Read full methodology

Peer Comparison vs. 106,889 Family Practice providers

+124%

Opioid rate vs peers

5.8% vs 2.6% avg

+216%

Cost per patient vs peers

$3,372 vs $1,068 avg

+63%

Brand preference vs peers

14.7% vs 9.0% avg

⚠️ Opioid + Benzodiazepine Co-Prescriber

This provider prescribes both opioids and benzodiazepines. The FDA has issued a Black Box Warning about the life-threatening risks of concurrent use.

🔎 Data Overview

🤖

ML fraud detection score of 84% indicates prescribing patterns with significant similarity to confirmed fraud cases. 17 out of 20 decision trees flagged this provider.

⚠️

This provider co-prescribes opioids and benzodiazepines — a combination carrying an FDA Black Box Warning due to increased risk of respiratory depression and death. While sometimes clinically necessary, this combination requires careful justification.

Insights generated from CMS data analysis. Statistical patterns are not accusations — always consider clinical context.

Opioid Prescribing

5.8%

Opioid Rate

667

Opioid Claims

$38K

Opioid Cost

11.8%

Long-Acting Rate

Brand vs Generic

85% generic

Brand: 1,680 claims · $1.5M

Generic: 9,783 claims · $275K

Top Prescribed Drugs

Drug (Generic)ClaimsCost
Empagliflozin240$281K
Dapagliflozin Propanediol276$233K
Semaglutide82$157K
Liraglutide31$84K
Dulaglutide27$66K
Semaglutide28$49K
Apixaban49$39K
Rivaroxaban25$35K
Vortioxetine Hydrobromide34$33K
Fluticasone/Umeclidin/Vilanter21$31K
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide32$29K
Sacubitril/Valsartan21$29K
Insulin Glargine,hum.Rec.Anlog40$26K
Insulin Aspart21$25K
Mirabegron23$25K

Prescribing Profile

140

Unique Drugs

$662K

IRA Negotiated Drugs

$356K

GLP-1 Drugs

24.0

Anomaly Score

Patient Profile

74

Avg Age

47%

Female

1.35

Avg Risk Score

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Data from CMS Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File, 2023. Risk scores are statistical indicators, not allegations of wrongdoing.Methodology · About · Dispute this data