⚠️

Risk scores are statistical indicators based on prescribing patterns compared to specialty peers. They are NOT allegations of fraud, misconduct, or improper care. Many legitimate medical reasons can explain outlier prescribing.

Read our methodology →

Christopher SwalesM.D.

Family Practice · Davis, CA 95616

NPI: 1003100645

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25

🟡 Moderate

ML Fraud Detection Score: 93%

Machine learning model identifies prescribing patterns consistent with confirmed fraud cases. This is a statistical indicator, not an accusation.

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Risk Flags

Elevated long-acting opioid rateHigh antipsychotic prescribing (65+)Opioid + benzodiazepine co-prescriber

Risk indicators are statistical patterns, not allegations. Learn more

7,353

Total Claims

$769K

Drug Cost

510

Beneficiaries

$1,509

Cost/Patient

Risk Score Breakdown 25/100

Low (0)Moderate (15)Elevated (30)High (50+)
Elderly antipsychotic prescribing+10
Opioid + benzodiazepine combo+8
Long-acting opioid rate+4

Score components are additive. Read full methodology

Peer Comparison vs. 106,889 Family Practice providers

+273%

Opioid rate vs peers

9.6% vs 2.6% avg

+41%

Cost per patient vs peers

$1,509 vs $1,068 avg

+17%

Brand preference vs peers

10.5% vs 9.0% avg

⚠️ Opioid + Benzodiazepine Co-Prescriber

This provider prescribes both opioids and benzodiazepines. The FDA has issued a Black Box Warning about the life-threatening risks of concurrent use.

🔎 Data Overview

🤖

ML fraud detection score of 93% indicates prescribing patterns with significant similarity to confirmed fraud cases. 19 out of 20 decision trees flagged this provider.

💊

Opioid rate is 273% above Family Practice peers. This is a significant deviation that may reflect a specialized patient population or concerning prescribing patterns.

⚠️

This provider co-prescribes opioids and benzodiazepines — a combination carrying an FDA Black Box Warning due to increased risk of respiratory depression and death. While sometimes clinically necessary, this combination requires careful justification.

Insights generated from CMS data analysis. Statistical patterns are not accusations — always consider clinical context.

Opioid Prescribing

9.6%

Opioid Rate

707

Opioid Claims

$26K

Opioid Cost

18.2%

Long-Acting Rate

Brand vs Generic

90% generic

Brand: 768 claims · $566K

Generic: 6,534 claims · $200K

Top Prescribed Drugs

Drug (Generic)ClaimsCost
Dulaglutide73$102K
Rivaroxaban88$89K
Empagliflozin28$38K
Semaglutide33$37K
Sitagliptin Phosphate15$25K
Apixaban24$23K
Canagliflozin12$16K
Liraglutide19$15K
Insulin Aspart20$14K
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen399$12K
Dapagliflozin Propanediol11$11K
Fluticasone Propionate22$11K
Mirabegron16$9,718
Aripiprazole38$8,886
Insulin Detemir12$8,511

Prescribing Profile

127

Unique Drugs

$200K

IRA Negotiated Drugs

$154K

GLP-1 Drugs

25.0

Anomaly Score

Patient Profile

70

Avg Age

52%

Female

1.15

Avg Risk Score

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Data from CMS Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use File, 2023. Risk scores are statistical indicators, not allegations of wrongdoing.Methodology · About · Dispute this data